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Natural patterns in robotics
Juřicová, Vendula ; Augste, Jan (referee) ; Knoflíček, Radek (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the part of the robotics, which is inspired by nature. At first, the reader is introduced into the theory of interdisciplinary terms BIO – ING. The central part is divided in two parts: the inspiration by man and inspiration by animals. In the chapter about man, there are the main biomechanical features introduced as well as the algorithms that are used in the robotics with the human prototype. Some biomechanical constructions and humanoid robots follow. Biomechanical constructions that are inspired by animals dominate the second part. The conclusion includes (among others) a technical and a philosophical reflection on the future of the robotics.
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Magnetic particles as a reversible carrier for enzyme electrodes
Janíček, Zdeněk ; Žeravík,, Jiří (referee) ; Skládal,, Petr (advisor)
Master’s thesis contains information about the enzymes, biosensors, enzyme biosensors and magnetic particles. Cholinesterasa (ChE) is the generally name for the two related enzymes, mutually differing appearance and biological functions. Acetylcholinesterasa (AChE) is necessary for the transmission of nervous excitement. AChE is located at cholinergic synapses, where is the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and this termination by the nervous excitement. Butyrylcholinesterasa (BChE) is related to AChE and it is present in serum. Experimental part was focused on electrochemical biosensors with cholinesterase enzyme using magnetic particles for reversible reconstruction layer. Cholinesterase immobilization was carried out on the magnetic particles by covalent binding after glutaraldehyde activated. The measurement of activity take place with acetylthiocholin as a substrate in a flow system, magnetic particles were captured before the platinum electrode and produced by thiocholin is detected amperometric. The aim was to measure inhibition of AChE. Significant inhibition ChE is caused by certain drugs and pesticides based on organophosphates. There was tested by inhibition of AChE pesticide dichlorvos. Emphasis was on finding possible experimental conditions for the creation of the automated procedure to measure the AChE activity, which was based on auto-injector and pumps of Gilson, together with a 735 programme for the definition of the working configuration, preparation of measurement scripts and implementation of application methods.
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Development of a sensing platform for the study of physiological functions of living cells
Marková, Aneta ; Víteček, Jan (referee) ; Vala, Martin (advisor)
The aim was to develop a sensing platform on the base of organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). The focus was on the preparation of proper electrode system and on optimalization of properties of thin layer of organic semiconductor. As a base, commercial glass substrates with integrated indium-tin oxide electrodes were chosen. Thin layers were prepared from organic semiconductor poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by spin-coating. Four formulations of material were studied. Layers with different thickness were prepared and the dependence of transconductance on the thickness of the layer and ratio of width and length was observed. The degradation of electrode system was solved by galvanic plating with gold. Attention was also paid to modifications to PEDOT: PSS. It has been found that the optimal layer thickness for use in sensors is approximately 150 nm. By reducing the series resistance by using a silver paste, the transconductance of 23 mS was obtained for the Ink 2, for the Ink 3 the transconductance was 44 mS. Sensoric platforms with these transconductances can be used for detection of physiological functions of electrogenic cells, e.g. cardiomyocytes.
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Study of possibilities of increasing the biocompatibility of organic semiconductor surfaces
Malečková, Romana ; Šafaříková, Eva (referee) ; Vala, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the possibility of biocompatibilization of organic semiconducting polymer PEDOT:PSS using RGD peptide for the construction of biosensors. Samples were prepared and compared where the RGD peptide was bound directly, as well as samples with a peptide bound via crosslinker molecule sulfo-SANPAH. Whether the RGD peptide was bound to the substrate was determined by the method of measuring the contact angle of liquids with subsequent calculation of surface energy. The results were further verified by elemental analysis, infrared spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy.
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Functionalized nanostructures
Váňa, Rostislav ; Kvapil, Michal (referee) ; Kolíbal, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with functionalized nanoparticles. In the first part there are mentioned materials suitable for a functionalization, the usage of functionalized nanoparticles in medicine and biochemistry and detection methods of changes of optical properties. In the second part changes of optical properties after functionalization are investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry and FTIR spectroscopy.
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Nanopatterned alumina-based materials for electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Kynclová, Hana ; Hynek, David (referee) ; Trnková, Libuše (referee) ; Prášek, Jan (advisor)
The doctoral thesis is focused on basic research and development of nanostructured surfaces prepared using anodic alumina material. Various types of gold nanostructured surfaces and nanoporous aluminum membranes for electrochemical sensors and biosensors were prepared using the anodic oxidation method. Nanostructured surfaces were prepared by electrochemical anodization of aluminum material to form hexagonally arranged nanopores. Gold was then deposited into the nanoporous masks by electrochemical reduction from potassium dicyanoaurate solution using a pulse deposition method. The prepared nanostructured gold surfaces were electrochemically characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry. Temperature stability and the effect of annealing on their electrochemical behavior at atmospheric pressure as well as in the vacuum were investigated. Then, gold nanostructures of various dimensions were prepared and the influence of their shape and dimensions on the electrochemical behavior was studied. Nanostructured surfaces were also modified with 11–mercaptoundecanoic acid, and the effect of this modification on the electrochemical results was studied. In the last part of the work, nanoporous aluminum membranes were prepared, and their permeability was studied.
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Diagnostics of genom conditioned diseases with the use of micro- and nanoparticles
Mondeková, Věra ; Prášek, Jan (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis discusses possibilities of viral genome´s detection through use of biosensors, more specifically through use of magnetic particles. The introductory part consists of brief characteristic of viruses, mentioned as originator of genom conditioned diseases, followed by chapters related to selected methods of nucleic acid´s extraction and analysis. The main part is dedicated to magnetic particles. The practical part of thesis deals with possibility of use of biosensors in specific viral pathogen´s detection, selection of biocompatible molecules suitable for magnetic particle modification and description of specific DNA sequence isolation procedure through use of magnetic particles.
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The application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for investigation of enzyme kinetics
Pospíšilová, Michaela ; Sedláček, Jiří (referee) ; Fohlerová, Zdenka (advisor)
The application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in theory and experiment for investigation of redox enzyme kinetics has been already described. The impedance studies are quite sensitive to the changes at the interface caused by adsorption of charged species and therefore can be used to study the kinetics of adsorption of macromolecules and also enables us to study enzyme kinetics since the action of the enzymes on their substrates involved modification and generation of charged species. In this work, we would explore the potential of electrochemical impedance technique to follow the kinetics of glucose oxidasesubstrate reactions on the immobilized surface. The enzyme will be allowed to interact with different concentrations of its substrate and the resulting reaction will be recorded in real time. Changes in the imaginary component of the impedance at various substrate concentrations will be expected to follow MichelisMenten kinetics. The experimental procedure should be simple and can be carried out directly in buffer solutions most suited for the required interaction to take place, without the requirement of any additional redox probes.
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Organic tranistors for sensorics
Marková, Aneta ; Omasta, Lukáš (referee) ; Vala, Martin (advisor)
The aim was to find the best available commercial formulation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and methods and subsequent treatment of thin films for organic electrochemical transistors (OECT). These films will be used in bioelectronic sensors to measure the physiological function of cardiomyocytes. Studied material was PEDOT:PSS in six different formulations. Thin layers prepared by spin coating were modified in three ways, namely (i) immersion in ethylene glycol, (ii) drying and (iii) a combination of drying and ethylene glycol. The layers were then tested for the influence of ethylene glycol, thermal stability, the impact of storage, influence of aqueous medium, and additional thermal annealing. According to the results obtained, the most suitable treatment of most materials was immersion in ethylene glycol followed by thermal annealing of the layer. It was found that the most appropriate material formulation was Sigma Aldrich 739 316 treated by the combination of drying, immersion in ethylene glycol and thermal annealing.
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Electro-optical sensor for the detection of extracellular ions
Bellan, Boris ; Salyk, Ota (referee) ; Vala, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this work was to prepare a platform based on electrochemical transistor that would allow both electrical and optical detection of ion exchange between the electrolyte and the layer of organic semiconductor. Semiconductor that have been used in this work was poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). The main goal was to verify whether the proposed platform meets the requirements of both characterization methods, and whether the sensitivity in the given arrangement is sufficient for the required range of analyte concentrations. The work also dealt with the study of the stability of the prepared platform in selected solvents and culture media, at the same time the method of optimizing the preparation of the photoresist foil and the completion of the OECT measuring cell was studied. A suitable solvent for polymethyl methacrylate was sought so that it did not affect the surrounding parts of the platform. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the selected photoresist for the preparation of the spacer frame is not suitable. However, it was found that the proposed platform satisfies both characterization methods. Therefore, it will be necessary to replace the current photoresist with a new, more chemically stable one.
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